Pediatric Calcium and Bone Problems

Calcium plays an important role in several body functions, including muscle contractions, enzyme function, and nerve conduction. Calcium is stored in the bones. Calcium levels in the blood are regulated by two hormones produced by the four parathyroid glands, glands located adjacent to the thyroid gland in the neck. These hormones include the following:

• Parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone levels rise when calcium levels fall, and vice versa. These hormones also stimulate the gastrointestinal tract to absorb calcium and the bones to release calcium.
• Calcitonin. Calcitonin, which is produced by the parathyroid glands, thyroid, and thymus glands, is responsible for lowering calcium levels by moving calcium into the bones for storage.

Disorders affecting calcium metabolism require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional.