Conditions and Treatments

Vagal Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is an alternative for children whose seizures are not well-controlled with medications and who are not candidates for a brain operation to eliminate seizures. Learn more about this treatment.

Vascular malformations and hemangiomas are commonly known as “birthmarks.” They can be present at birth or appear in the first months of life.

A ventricular septal defect is an opening in the ventricular septum, or dividing wall between the two lower chambers of the heart known as the right and left ventricles.

Learn more about the causes, symptoms, and treatments for fetal ventriculomegaly, a condition affecting brain fluid.

Children's National Hospital's orthopaedic experts use the VEPTR device to provide specialized care for children with severe chest and spine deformities. Learn more about this treatment.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) occurs when urine in the bladder flows back into the ureters and kidneys.

A viral exanthem is an eruptive skin rash that is often related to a viral infection. Immunizations have decreased the number of cases of measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox, but all viral skin infections require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional.  

Learn about childhood viral infections.

Tumors of the optic nerve and visual pathway are the most common types of brain tumors in children with neurofibromatosis.

Vocal cord paralysis can arise from a variety of conditions and is most commonly due to congenital problems or due to scarring of the larynx following prolonged intubation or due to stretching of the vocal cord nerves during cardiothoracic surgery. Learn more about this condition.