Urology

Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the skin covering the end of the penis, called the foreskin. In many cultures, circumcision is a religious rite or a ceremonial tradition.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a blockage in the area that connects the renal pelvis (part of the kidney) to one of the tubes (ureters) that move urine to the bladder.

When one of the ureters does not connect properly to the bladder and drains somewhere outside the bladder, this condition is called an ectopic ureter.

Exstrophy of the bladder is when a baby’s bladder has grown inside out and is sticking through the wall of the belly (abdomen).

Horseshoe kidney occurs in about one in 500 children. It occurs during fetal development as the kidneys move into their normal position in the flank area (area around the side, just above the waist).

A hydrocele occurs from an accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis (a thin pouch that holds the testes within the scrotum).

Hypospadias is a malformation that affects the urethral tube and the foreskin on a male's penis. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Megaureter (dilated ureter) is an abnormality of one or both of the ureters of a child.

Micropenis is defined as a normally structured penis that is below the normal size range for an infant.

Phimosis is a constriction of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be drawn back over the tip of the penis.